Anti-Apartheid movement
| Internal resistance to apartheid | |||||||||
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 Nelson Mandela burns his passbook in 1960 as part of a civil disobedience campaign. |
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| Belligerents | |||||||||
 MK (ANC/SACP) PLAN (SWAPO) SWANUAZANLA (AZAPO) APLA (PAC) UDF (passive resistance only)[1] |
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| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
| Oliver Tambo Nelson Mandela Winnie Mandela Joe Slovo Joe Modise Moses Mabhida Lennox Lagu Potlako Leballo John Nyathi Pokela |
 Hendrik Verwoerd B. J. Vorster P. W. Botha F. W. de Klerk Hendrik van den Bergh Dirk Coetzee Eugene de Kock |
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| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
| 21,000 dead as a result of political violence (1948-94)[5] | |||||||||
| Part of a series on |
| Apartheid |
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Internal resistance to apartheid in South Africa originated from several independent sectors of South African society and alternatively took the form of social movements, passive resistance, or guerrilla warfare. Mass action against the ruling National Party government, coupled with South Africa's growing international isolation and economic sanctions, were instrumental factors in ending racial segregation and discrimination.[1] Both black and white South African activists such as Steve Biko, Desmond Tutu, Nelson Mandela, Harry Schwarz, and Joe Slovo were involved with various anti-apartheid causes. By the 1980s, there was continuous interplay between violent and non-violent action, and this interplay was a notable feature of resistance against apartheid from 1983 until South Africa's first multiracial elections under a universal franchise in 1994.[6] (Read the rest on Wikipedia)
Trade Union movement
Churches
Mass Democratic Movement
White Resistance
Jewish Resistance
Indian Resistance
Role of women
The British Anti-Apartheid Movement
A poster produced in 1971 by the British Anti Apartheid Movement protesting British Arms to South Africa, Source: African Activist Archive
