Before using this guide check with your faculty, school or department for their specific referencing guidelines.
Follow these examples closely for all layout, punctuation, spacing and capitalizing.
Enter author's surname, followed by no more than 2 initials.
Give all authors' names and separate each by a comma and a space.
Enter all authors' names in the order in which they appear in the original source.
Only the first word of the article title and words that normally begin with a capital letter are capitalized.
For book chapters abbreviate page numbers to p. eg p. 12-25. Where appropriate abbreviate thus: p. 122-8.
For electronic books include the DOI (Digital Object Identifier) if it is given and place it after the URL (web address).
Abbreviate months to their first 3 letters
The formats for Tables and Figures (see below) can also be applied to charts, photographs, graphs etc.
For more detailed information go to: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/citingmedicine
| Format |
Author AA. Title of book. # edition [if not first]. Place of Publication: Publisher; Year of publication. Pagination |
|
Reference |
Carlson BM. Human embryology and developmental biology. 4th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2009. 541 p. |
| Format |
Editor AA, Editor BB, editors. Title of book. # edition[if not first]. Place of Publication: Publisher; Year. Pagination. |
| Reference |
O'Campo P, Dunn JR, editors. Rethinking social epidemiology: towards a science of change.Dordrecht: Springer; 2012. 348 p. |
| Format |
Author AA, Author BB. Title of book. # edition. Place of Publication: Publisher; Year of publication. Chapter number, Chapter title; p. [page numbers of chapter]. |
| Reference | Speroff, Leon; Fritz, Marc A. Clinical gynecologic endocrinology and infertility. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; c2005. Chapter 29, Endometriosis; p. 1103-33. |
| Format |
Author AA, Author BB. Title of chapter. In: Editor AA, Editor BB, editors. Title of book. # edition. Place of Publication: Publisher; Year of publication. p. [page numbers of chapter]. |
| Reference | Blaxter PS, Farnsworth TP. Social health and class inequalities. In: Carter C, Peel JR, editors. Equalities and inequalities in health. 2nd ed. London: Academic Press; 1976. p. 165-78. |
| Format |
Author AA. Title of web page [Internet]. Place of Publication: Sponsor of Website/Publisher; Year published [cited YYYY Mon DD]. Number of pages. Available from: URL DOI: (if available) |
| Reference |
Shreeve DF. Reactive attachment disorder: a case-based approach [Internet]. New York: Springer; 2012 [cited 2012 Nov 2]. 85 p. Available from: http://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-4614-1647-0/
Example with a DOI
|
| Format |
Author AA, Author BB. Title of chapter. In: Editor AA, Editor BB, editors. Title of the book [Internet]. Place of publication: Publisher's name; Year of publication. [cited YYYY Mon DD]. p. #. [page or chapter number/s]. Available from: URL DOI [if available] |
| Reference |
Halpen-Felsher BL, Morrell HE. Preventing and reducing tobacco use. In: Berlan ED, Bravender T, editors. Adolescent Medicine today: a guide to caring for the adolescent patient [Internet]. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co.; 2012. [cited 2012 Nov 3]. Chapter 18. Available from: http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/pdf/10.1142/9789814324496_0018 |
| Format | Author AA. Title of book. # of edition. Place of publication: Publisher; year. Table number, table caption; p. number. |
| Reference | Burant CF. Medical management of type 2 diabetes. 5th ed. Alexandria (VA): American Diabetes Association; c2004. Table 3.12, Sample regimens for achieving glycemic control; p. 68. |
| Format | Author AA, Author BB, Author CC, Author DD. Title of book [Internet]. Place of publication: Publisher; year. [Table #], table caption; [cited YYYY Mon DD]; p. number. Available from: URL |
| References |
Noel Walker J, Del Rosso JM, Karyl Held A. Nutrition and physical activity field assessment of children in rural America [Internet]. Westport (CT): Save the Children; 2005 Mar. Table 1, Prevalence of overweight among rural children in Save the Children regions; [cited 2006 Nov 7]; p. 2. Available from: http://www.savethechildren.org/publications/ |
| Format | Author AA. Title of book. # edition. Place of publication: Publisher; year. Figure #, figure caption ; p.numbers. |
| Reference | Lashley FR. Clinical genetics in nursing practice. 3rd ed. New York: Springer Publishing Company; c2005. Figure 2.5, Meiosis with two autosomal chromosome pairs; p. 27-8. |
| Format | Author AA, Author BB, Author CC, Author DD, Author EE. Title of book [Internet]. Place of publication: Publisher; year. Figure #, figure caption; [cited YYYY Mon DD]; p. number. Available from: URL |
| Reference | Collins SR, Kriss JL, Davis K, Doty MM, Holmgren AL. Squeezed: why rising exposure to health care costs threatens the health and financial well-being of American families [Internet]. New York: Commonwealth Fund; 2006 Sep. Figure ES-1, Individual market is not an affordable option for many people; [cited 2006 Nov 15]; p. viii. Available from: http://www.cmwf.org/usr_doc/Collins_squeezedrisinghltcarecosts_953.pdf |
Patrias K. Citing medicine: the NLM style guide for authors, editors, and publishers [Internet]. 2nd ed. Wendling DL, technical editor. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); 2007 [updated 2009 Oct 21; cited 2012 Nov 10]. Available from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/citingmedicine